Rise:
climb, go up, increase,
improve, jump, leap, move upward, rocket, skyrocket, soar, shoot up, pick up,
surge, recover, rise, rose, inclined, grow, multiply, enlarge, enhance, extend,
expand, intensify, advance, boost, development, spread, enlargement,
escalation, elaboration, addition, accession, inflation, gain, progression,
intensification, dilation
Fall:
Collapse, decline, decrease,
deteriorate, dip, dive, drop, go down, go into free ball, plummet, plunge,
reduce, slump, take a nosedive, reduce, reduction, went down, goes down,
lessen, mitigate, alleviate, allay, appease, soothe, curtail, decline,
abbreviate, shorten, dropping, diminishing, slowing, dwindling, sinking,
sagging, subsidy, slacking, lowering, depreciating, running down, dying away,
withering away, wearing off, momentum, slumping, in a slump down
Fluctuate:
Be erratic, be fitful, very
rise and fall erratically, regular variation
Flat:
No change, constant,
remained stable, steady, reached a plateau, stayed the same
Equivalent:
Commensurate, comparable,
equal, similar, same, like matching, identical, duplicate, one and the same,
even, regular, uniform, invariable, unvarying, unbiased, to the same degree
without distinction, coordinate, alike corresponding
Constant:
Steady, uniform, unchanging,
invariable, continuous, persistent, continual, incessant, perpetual,
uninterrupted, regular, repeated, unvarying, equable, even, fixed, consistent,
nonstop, monotonous, standardized
Add suitable adverbs:
Dramatically, erratically,
gradually, markedly, significantly, slightly, slowly, steadily, rapidly,
sharply, moderately
Add time phrases:
Between …………………..and
………………………………..
From………………………..to…………………………………
At………. / by ……………….. /
in……………………………..
In the year (1998)………………………………………………..
During / over the period
………………….. to ………………………………..
Over the latter half of the
year /century / decade / period
Over the next / past /
previous five days / months / years / decades
Although:
In spite of the fact that,
granting that
Therefore:
As a result of this /
consequently / hence
However:
No matter how / to whatever
degree / evident by what means, under any circumstances, nevertheless, at all
events, yet, somehow, in spite of that, all the same, anyhow, regardless,
whatever happens
Accordingly:
In consequences,
consequently, equally, respectively, proportionately by duty, correspondingly,
in accordance, subsequently, in respect to, thus, therefore, as a result,
resultantly, as a consequence, as the case may be, on the ground, under the
circumstances, as an outgrowth
Overall:
Total, widespread,
inclusive, extensive, broad, wide, compendium, weeping, all inclusive,
complete, through, full, general, gross, aggregate, integral
Improved:
Enhanced, amended, mended,
reformed, elaborated, remodeled, enriched, refined, processed, reorganized,
upgrade, modernized, brought up, better for do-date, repaired, rectified
Initially:
At first, at the beginning,
originally, primal, maiden, opening, introductory, inceptive, inaugural,
premier, leading in the beginning, leading
Dropped:
Discontinued, released,
expelled
Furthermore:
Moreover, too, in addition,
likewise, as well, additionally, similarly, in like manner, along with, over
and above, together with
Rapidly:
Fast, swiftly, posthaste,
speedily, quickly, now, at short notice, instantly, straightaway,
instantaneously, shortly, shooting, suddenly at a great rate, without delay,
promptly
Comparison:
Likening, collating,
analyzing, relative estimation, compensative equating, relation, testing by a
criterion, measuring, distinguishing between, corresponding, correlating,
drawing parallels, discrimination, relating, dividing, opposition, bringing,
together, matching
Contrast:
Compared, striking
difference, being contrasted
Eventually:
Finally, conclusively,
decisively, with conviction, in a final manner, definitely, enduringly, once
and for all, for good, beyond the shadow of a double, assuredly, irrevocably
Whereas:
Since, in as much as, in so
much as, for as much as, considering that, where in fact, while, although,
while on the contrary, thought but on the other hand
Conclusion:
Finish, summing up, to sum
up, to cap it all, all in all, review, conclude, summarize
Also:
Too, likewise, besides, as
well, in addition, similarly, in like manner, along with, more than that, over
and above
Generally:
Usually, commonly,
ordinarily, as a matter of course, repeatedly, traditionally, naturally,
normally, as a rule, conventionally
Time expressions:
In: in 1999, in
the 20th century… in
the first ten years…..
(There was a significant increase in
production)
For: for the next six months for twenty
years
(The number of employees remained the same)
During: during the first six months during
the first half of this century
During the remainder of the year
(Production was slowing down, while
imports increased)
From – to / until from august to / until November…. From 1950 to 1960….
(There
was no change in energy use)
Between – and: between 1950 and 1960……………..
(There was no change in the rate of fuel
consumption)
Before / after: before 1960 the number remained small, but after 1965
there was a sudden increase
Around / about: around / about 1980 there was a change in the number of
female part time workers
By: by
the late 19th century the rural workforce had declined significantly
At: at
the end of the last century, there was a sharp increase in manufacturing
Since: since
the 19th century there has been a steady decline
Other useful expressions are:
(In) the period
from…………………………to………………………………..
(In) the period between ……………………………….and………………………………………
In the first / last three months of the
year
Over the period
………………………to…………………………………………………..
Over the next years / decades / quarter
of a century
Over a ten year period
Throughout the 19th century
From that time on
After that
Then
In the 1980s
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